In diesem Teil der Artikelreihe schauen wir uns zunächst die SSH Konfiguration und die Basis Serverkonfiguration an. Zunächst müssen wir uns mit ssh auf dem Server einloggen.
Die IP-Adresse entnehmen wir dem 1&1 Cloud Panel und als Passwort das beim Erstellen des Servers vergebene Passwort, siehe den ersten Teil der Artikelreihe 1&1 cloud server unter Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS, Teil 1, Server erstellen.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | $ ssh root@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx root@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx's password: Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-21-generic x86_64) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com * Management: https://landscape.canonical.com * Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage Last login: Mon Sep 5 14:48:16 2016 from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx root@localhost:~# |
Das sieht gut aus, wir haben Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS mit Linux-Kernel 4.4.0.
OpenSSH
Zunächst wollen wir den SSH Dienst entsprechend unseren Vorstellungen konfigurieren. Dazu schauen wir uns zunächst an welche SSH-Server Version und welche openssl Bibliothek installiert ist.
1 2 3 | root@localhost:~# dpkg -l | grep openssh-server ii openssh-server 1:7.2p2-4ubuntu2.1 amd64 secure shell (SSH) server, for secure access from remote machines root@localhost:~# |
1 2 3 4 | root@localhost:~# dpkg -l | grep openssl ii libgnutls-openssl27:amd64 3.4.10-4ubuntu1.1 amd64 GNU TLS library - OpenSSL wrapper ii openssl 1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.2 amd64 Secure Sockets Layer toolkit - cryptographic utility root@localhost:~# |
Die SSH-Server Version ist relativ aktuell. Die Version 7.2p2 ist vom März diesen Jahres. Eine neuere Version 7.3p1 wurde am 01.08.2016 veröffentlicht. Auch die openssl Bibliothek ist ziemlich aktuell.
Nützliche Infomationen zur Konfiguration von SSH findet man auf den folgenden beiden mozilla wiki Seiten:
Security/Guidelines/Key Management
Wir passen die Konfiguration unseres SSH-Servers entsprechend an. In der Datei /etc/ssh/sshd_config fügen wir die folgenden Zeilen nach den HostKey Zeilen ein:
1 2 3 4 5 | KexAlgorithms curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256 Ciphers chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes128-ctr MACs hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-256,umac-128@openssh.com |
Anschließend starten wir den SSH-Dienst neu.
systemctl restart ssh
Zur Konfiguration des lokalen SSH-Clients siehe meinen alten Artikel „Mein 1&1 cloud server, Teil 1, Basic Server Configuration, ssh„. Nachdem wir unseren SSH-Schlüssel auf unserem Server eingetragen haben, deaktivieren wir noch den Login mit Passwort. Dazu tragen wir noch die folgende Zeile in die Datei /etc/ssh/sshd_config ein:
1 | AuthenticationMethods publickey |
Abschliessend müssen wir den SSH-Dienst nochmals neu starten.
systemctl restart ssh
Damit können wir uns nun ohne Angabe eines Passworts mit unserem SSH-Schlüssel per SSH auf unserem Server anmelden.
Server Software Konfiguration
Zunächst schauen wir uns an, was zur 1&1 Standardinstallation gehört. Dazu führen wir folgendes Kommando aus:
dpkg -l
Damit erhalten wir eine Liste der installierten Softwarepakete:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 | Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Architecture Description +++-==================================================-==============================-==============================-========================================================================================================== ii accountsservice 0.6.40-2ubuntu11.1 amd64 query and manipulate user account information ii adduser 3.113+nmu3ubuntu4 all add and remove users and groups ii apache2 2.4.18-2ubuntu3.1 amd64 Apache HTTP Server ii apache2-bin 2.4.18-2ubuntu3.1 amd64 Apache HTTP Server (modules and other binary files) ii apache2-data 2.4.18-2ubuntu3.1 all Apache HTTP Server (common files) ii apache2-utils 2.4.18-2ubuntu3.1 amd64 Apache HTTP Server (utility programs for web servers) ii apparmor 2.10.95-0ubuntu2.2 amd64 user-space parser utility for AppArmor ii apt 1.2.12~ubuntu16.04.1 amd64 commandline package manager ii apt-utils 1.2.12~ubuntu16.04.1 amd64 package management related utility programs ii base-files 9.4ubuntu4.2 amd64 Debian base system miscellaneous files ii base-passwd 3.5.39 amd64 Debian base system master password and group files ii bash 4.3-14ubuntu1.1 amd64 GNU Bourne Again SHell ii bind9 1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1 amd64 Internet Domain Name Server ii bind9-doc 1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1 all Documentation for BIND ii bind9utils 1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1 amd64 Utilities for BIND ii bsd-mailx 8.1.2-0.20160123cvs-2 amd64 simple mail user agent ii bsdutils 1:2.27.1-6ubuntu3.1 amd64 basic utilities from 4.4BSD-Lite ii busybox-initramfs 1:1.22.0-15ubuntu1 amd64 Standalone shell setup for initramfs ii bzip2 1.0.6-8 amd64 high-quality block-sorting file compressor - utilities ii ca-certificates 20160104ubuntu1 all Common CA certificates ii console-setup 1.108ubuntu15.2 all console font and keymap setup program ii console-setup-linux 1.108ubuntu15.2 all Linux specific part of console-setup ii coreutils 8.25-2ubuntu2 amd64 GNU core utilities ii cpio 2.11+dfsg-5ubuntu1 amd64 GNU cpio -- a program to manage archives of files ii crda 3.13-1 amd64 wireless Central Regulatory Domain Agent ii cron 3.0pl1-128ubuntu2 amd64 process scheduling daemon ii dash 0.5.8-2.1ubuntu2 amd64 POSIX-compliant shell ii dbus 1.10.6-1ubuntu3 amd64 simple interprocess messaging system (daemon and utilities) ii debconf 1.5.58ubuntu1 all Debian configuration management system ii debconf-i18n 1.5.58ubuntu1 all full internationalization support for debconf ii debianutils 4.7 amd64 Miscellaneous utilities specific to Debian ii dh-python 2.20151103ubuntu1.1 all Debian helper tools for packaging Python libraries and applications ii dictionaries-common 1.26.3 all spelling dictionaries - common utilities ii diffutils 1:3.3-3 amd64 File comparison utilities ii dirmngr 2.1.11-6ubuntu2 amd64 server for managing certificate revocation lists ii distro-info-data 0.28ubuntu0.1 all information about the distributions' releases (data files) ii dmeventd 2:1.02.110-1ubuntu10 amd64 Linux Kernel Device Mapper event daemon ii dmidecode 3.0-2ubuntu0.1 amd64 SMBIOS/DMI table decoder ii dmsetup 2:1.02.110-1ubuntu10 amd64 Linux Kernel Device Mapper userspace library ii dovecot-core 1:2.2.22-1ubuntu2 amd64 secure POP3/IMAP server - core files ii dovecot-imapd 1:2.2.22-1ubuntu2 amd64 secure POP3/IMAP server - IMAP daemon ii dovecot-pop3d 1:2.2.22-1ubuntu2 amd64 secure POP3/IMAP server - POP3 daemon ii dpkg 1.18.4ubuntu1.1 amd64 Debian package management system ii e2fslibs:amd64 1.42.13-1ubuntu1 amd64 ext2/ext3/ext4 file system libraries ii e2fsprogs 1.42.13-1ubuntu1 amd64 ext2/ext3/ext4 file system utilities ii eject 2.1.5+deb1+cvs20081104-13.1 amd64 ejects CDs and operates CD-Changers under Linux ii emacsen-common 2.0.8 all Common facilities for all emacsen ii ethtool 1:4.5-1 amd64 display or change Ethernet device settings ii file 1:5.25-2ubuntu1 amd64 Determines file type using "magic" numbers ii findutils 4.6.0+git+20160126-2 amd64 utilities for finding files--find, xargs ii fuse 2.9.4-1ubuntu3.1 amd64 Filesystem in Userspace ii gcc-5-base:amd64 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.2 amd64 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package) ii gcc-6-base:amd64 6.0.1-0ubuntu1 amd64 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package) ii geoip-database 20160408-1 all IP lookup command line tools that use the GeoIP library (country database) ii gettext-base 0.19.7-2ubuntu3 amd64 GNU Internationalization utilities for the base system ii gir1.2-glib-2.0:amd64 1.46.0-3ubuntu1 amd64 Introspection data for GLib, GObject, Gio and GModule ii gnupg 1.4.20-1ubuntu3.1 amd64 GNU privacy guard - a free PGP replacement ii gnupg-agent 2.1.11-6ubuntu2 amd64 GNU privacy guard - cryptographic agent ii gnupg2 2.1.11-6ubuntu2 amd64 GNU privacy guard - a free PGP replacement (new v2.x) ii gpgv 1.4.20-1ubuntu3.1 amd64 GNU privacy guard - signature verification tool ii grep 2.25-1~16.04.1 amd64 GNU grep, egrep and fgrep ii grub-common 2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.2 amd64 GRand Unified Bootloader (common files) ii grub-gfxpayload-lists 0.7 amd64 GRUB gfxpayload blacklist ii grub-pc 2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.2 amd64 GRand Unified Bootloader, version 2 (PC/BIOS version) ii grub-pc-bin 2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.2 amd64 GRand Unified Bootloader, version 2 (PC/BIOS binaries) ii grub2-common 2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.2 amd64 GRand Unified Bootloader (common files for version 2) ii gzip 1.6-4ubuntu1 amd64 GNU compression utilities ii hostname 3.16ubuntu2 amd64 utility to set/show the host name or domain name ii ifupdown 0.8.10ubuntu1 amd64 high level tools to configure network interfaces ii init 1.29ubuntu2 amd64 System-V-like init utilities - metapackage ii init-system-helpers 1.29ubuntu2 all helper tools for all init systems ii initramfs-tools 0.122ubuntu8.1 all generic modular initramfs generator (automation) ii initramfs-tools-bin 0.122ubuntu8.1 amd64 binaries used by initramfs-tools ii initramfs-tools-core 0.122ubuntu8.1 all generic modular initramfs generator (core tools) ii initscripts 2.88dsf-59.3ubuntu2 amd64 scripts for initializing and shutting down the system ii insserv 1.14.0-5ubuntu3 amd64 boot sequence organizer using LSB init.d script dependency information ii installation-report 2.60ubuntu1 all system installation report ii iproute2 4.3.0-1ubuntu3 amd64 networking and traffic control tools ii iputils-ping 3:20121221-5ubuntu2 amd64 Tools to test the reachability of network hosts ii isc-dhcp-client 4.3.3-5ubuntu12.1 amd64 DHCP client for automatically obtaining an IP address ii isc-dhcp-common 4.3.3-5ubuntu12.1 amd64 common files used by all of the isc-dhcp packages ii iso-codes 3.65-1 all ISO language, territory, currency, script codes and their translations ii iw 3.17-1 amd64 tool for configuring Linux wireless devices ii kbd 1.15.5-1ubuntu4 amd64 Linux console font and keytable utilities ii keyboard-configuration 1.108ubuntu15.2 all system-wide keyboard preferences ii klibc-utils 2.0.4-8ubuntu1.16.04.1 amd64 small utilities built with klibc for early boot ii kmod 22-1ubuntu4 amd64 tools for managing Linux kernel modules ii krb5-locales 1.13.2+dfsg-5 all Internationalization support for MIT Kerberos ii language-pack-en 1:16.04+20160627 all translation updates for language English ii language-pack-en-base 1:16.04+20160627 all translations for language English ii language-pack-es 1:16.04+20160627 all translation updates for language Spanish; Castilian ii language-pack-es-base 1:16.04+20160627 all translations for language Spanish; Castilian ii language-pack-gnome-en 1:16.04+20160627 all GNOME translation updates for language English ii language-pack-gnome-en-base 1:16.04+20160627 all GNOME translations for language English ii language-pack-gnome-es 1:16.04+20160627 all GNOME translation updates for language Spanish; Castilian ii language-pack-gnome-es-base 1:16.04+20160627 all GNOME translations for language Spanish; Castilian ii language-selector-common 0.165.4 all Language selector for Ubuntu ii laptop-detect 0.13.7ubuntu2 amd64 attempt to detect a laptop ii less 481-2.1ubuntu0.1 amd64 pager program similar to more ii libaccountsservice0:amd64 0.6.40-2ubuntu11.1 amd64 query and manipulate user account information - shared libraries ii libacl1:amd64 2.2.52-3 amd64 Access control list shared library ii libaio1:amd64 0.3.110-2 amd64 Linux kernel AIO access library - shared library ii libapache2-mod-php 1:7.0+35ubuntu6 all server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (Apache 2 module) (default) ii libapache2-mod-php7.0 7.0.8-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 amd64 server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (Apache 2 module) ii libapparmor-perl 2.10.95-0ubuntu2.2 amd64 AppArmor library Perl bindings ii libapparmor1:amd64 2.10.95-0ubuntu2.2 amd64 changehat AppArmor library ii libapr1:amd64 1.5.2-3 amd64 Apache Portable Runtime Library ii libaprutil1:amd64 1.5.4-1build1 amd64 Apache Portable Runtime Utility Library ii libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3:amd64 1.5.4-1build1 amd64 Apache Portable Runtime Utility Library - SQLite3 Driver ii libaprutil1-ldap:amd64 1.5.4-1build1 amd64 Apache Portable Runtime Utility Library - LDAP Driver ii libapt-inst2.0:amd64 1.2.12~ubuntu16.04.1 amd64 deb package format runtime library ii libapt-pkg5.0:amd64 1.2.12~ubuntu16.04.1 amd64 package management runtime library ii libasn1-8-heimdal:amd64 1.7~git20150920+dfsg-4ubuntu1 amd64 Heimdal Kerberos - ASN.1 library ii libasprintf0v5:amd64 0.19.7-2ubuntu3 amd64 GNU library to use fprintf and friends in C++ ii libassuan0:amd64 2.4.2-2 amd64 IPC library for the GnuPG components ii libatm1:amd64 1:2.5.1-1.5 amd64 shared library for ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) ii libattr1:amd64 1:2.4.47-2 amd64 Extended attribute shared library ii libaudit-common 1:2.4.5-1ubuntu2 all Dynamic library for security auditing - common files ii libaudit1:amd64 1:2.4.5-1ubuntu2 amd64 Dynamic library for security auditing ii libbind9-140:amd64 1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1 amd64 BIND9 Shared Library used by BIND ii libblkid1:amd64 2.27.1-6ubuntu3.1 amd64 block device ID library ii libbsd0:amd64 0.8.2-1 amd64 utility functions from BSD systems - shared library ii libbz2-1.0:amd64 1.0.6-8 amd64 high-quality block-sorting file compressor library - runtime ii libc-bin 2.23-0ubuntu3 amd64 GNU C Library: Binaries ii libc6:amd64 2.23-0ubuntu3 amd64 GNU C Library: Shared libraries ii libcap-ng0:amd64 0.7.7-1 amd64 An alternate POSIX capabilities library ii libcap2:amd64 1:2.24-12 amd64 POSIX 1003.1e capabilities (library) ii libcap2-bin 1:2.24-12 amd64 POSIX 1003.1e capabilities (utilities) ii libcgi-fast-perl 1:2.10-1 all CGI subclass for work with FCGI ii libcgi-pm-perl 4.26-1 all module for Common Gateway Interface applications ii libcomerr2:amd64 1.42.13-1ubuntu1 amd64 common error description library ii libcryptsetup4:amd64 2:1.6.6-5ubuntu2 amd64 disk encryption support - shared library ii libdb5.3:amd64 5.3.28-11 amd64 Berkeley v5.3 Database Libraries [runtime] ii libdbus-1-3:amd64 1.10.6-1ubuntu3 amd64 simple interprocess messaging system (library) ii libdbus-glib-1-2:amd64 0.106-1 amd64 simple interprocess messaging system (GLib-based shared library) ii libdebconfclient0:amd64 0.198ubuntu1 amd64 Debian Configuration Management System (C-implementation library) ii libdevmapper-event1.02.1:amd64 2:1.02.110-1ubuntu10 amd64 Linux Kernel Device Mapper event support library ii libdevmapper1.02.1:amd64 2:1.02.110-1ubuntu10 amd64 Linux Kernel Device Mapper userspace library ii libdns-export162 1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1 amd64 Exported DNS Shared Library ii libdns162:amd64 1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1 amd64 DNS Shared Library used by BIND ii libdumbnet1:amd64 1.12-7 amd64 dumb, portable networking library -- shared library ii libedit2:amd64 3.1-20150325-1ubuntu2 amd64 BSD editline and history libraries ii libencode-locale-perl 1.05-1 all utility to determine the locale encoding ii libestr0 0.1.10-1 amd64 Helper functions for handling strings (lib) ii libexpat1:amd64 2.1.0-7ubuntu0.16.04.2 amd64 XML parsing C library - runtime library ii libexttextcat-2.0-0:amd64 3.4.4-1ubuntu3 amd64 Language detection library ii libexttextcat-data 3.4.4-1ubuntu3 all Language detection library - data files ii libfcgi-perl 0.77-1build1 amd64 helper module for FastCGI ii libfdisk1:amd64 2.27.1-6ubuntu3.1 amd64 fdisk partitioning library ii libffi6:amd64 3.2.1-4 amd64 Foreign Function Interface library runtime ii libfreetype6:amd64 2.6.1-0.1ubuntu2 amd64 FreeType 2 font engine, shared library files ii libfribidi0:amd64 0.19.7-1 amd64 Free Implementation of the Unicode BiDi algorithm ii libfuse2:amd64 2.9.4-1ubuntu3.1 amd64 Filesystem in Userspace (library) ii libgcc1:amd64 1:6.0.1-0ubuntu1 amd64 GCC support library ii libgcrypt20:amd64 1.6.5-2ubuntu0.2 amd64 LGPL Crypto library - runtime library ii libgdbm3:amd64 1.8.3-13.1 amd64 GNU dbm database routines (runtime version) ii libgeoip1:amd64 1.6.9-1 amd64 non-DNS IP-to-country resolver library ii libgirepository-1.0-1:amd64 1.46.0-3ubuntu1 amd64 Library for handling GObject introspection data (runtime library) ii libglib2.0-0:amd64 2.48.1-1~ubuntu16.04.1 amd64 GLib library of C routines ii libglib2.0-data 2.48.1-1~ubuntu16.04.1 all Common files for GLib library ii libgmp10:amd64 2:6.1.0+dfsg-2 amd64 Multiprecision arithmetic library ii libgnutls-openssl27:amd64 3.4.10-4ubuntu1.1 amd64 GNU TLS library - OpenSSL wrapper ii libgnutls30:amd64 3.4.10-4ubuntu1.1 amd64 GNU TLS library - main runtime library ii libgpg-error0:amd64 1.21-2ubuntu1 amd64 library for common error values and messages in GnuPG components ii libgpgme11:amd64 1.6.0-1 amd64 GPGME - GnuPG Made Easy (library) ii libgssapi-krb5-2:amd64 1.13.2+dfsg-5 amd64 MIT Kerberos runtime libraries - krb5 GSS-API Mechanism ii libgssapi3-heimdal:amd64 1.7~git20150920+dfsg-4ubuntu1 amd64 Heimdal Kerberos - GSSAPI support library ii libhcrypto4-heimdal:amd64 1.7~git20150920+dfsg-4ubuntu1 amd64 Heimdal Kerberos - crypto library ii libheimbase1-heimdal:amd64 1.7~git20150920+dfsg-4ubuntu1 amd64 Heimdal Kerberos - Base library ii libheimntlm0-heimdal:amd64 1.7~git20150920+dfsg-4ubuntu1 amd64 Heimdal Kerberos - NTLM support library ii libhogweed4:amd64 3.2-1 amd64 low level cryptographic library (public-key cryptos) ii libhtml-parser-perl 3.72-1 amd64 collection of modules that parse HTML text documents ii libhtml-tagset-perl 3.20-2 all Data tables pertaining to HTML ii libhtml-template-perl 2.95-2 all module for using HTML templates with Perl ii libhttp-date-perl 6.02-1 all module of date conversion routines ii libhttp-message-perl 6.11-1 all perl interface to HTTP style messages ii libhx509-5-heimdal:amd64 1.7~git20150920+dfsg-4ubuntu1 amd64 Heimdal Kerberos - X509 support library ii libicu55:amd64 55.1-7 amd64 International Components for Unicode ii libidn11:amd64 1.32-3ubuntu1.1 amd64 GNU Libidn library, implementation of IETF IDN specifications ii libio-html-perl 1.001-1 all open an HTML file with automatic charset detection ii libirs141:amd64 1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1 amd64 DNS Shared Library used by BIND ii libisc-export160 1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1 amd64 Exported ISC Shared Library ii libisc160:amd64 1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1 amd64 ISC Shared Library used by BIND ii libisccc140:amd64 1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1 amd64 Command Channel Library used by BIND ii libisccfg140:amd64 1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1 amd64 Config File Handling Library used by BIND ii libjson-c2:amd64 0.11-4ubuntu2 amd64 JSON manipulation library - shared library ii libk5crypto3:amd64 1.13.2+dfsg-5 amd64 MIT Kerberos runtime libraries - Crypto Library ii libkeyutils1:amd64 1.5.9-8ubuntu1 amd64 Linux Key Management Utilities (library) ii libklibc 2.0.4-8ubuntu1.16.04.1 amd64 minimal libc subset for use with initramfs ii libkmod2:amd64 22-1ubuntu4 amd64 libkmod shared library ii libkrb5-26-heimdal:amd64 1.7~git20150920+dfsg-4ubuntu1 amd64 Heimdal Kerberos - libraries ii libkrb5-3:amd64 1.13.2+dfsg-5 amd64 MIT Kerberos runtime libraries ii libkrb5support0:amd64 1.13.2+dfsg-5 amd64 MIT Kerberos runtime libraries - Support library ii libksba8:amd64 1.3.3-1ubuntu0.16.04.1 amd64 X.509 and CMS support library ii libldap-2.4-2:amd64 2.4.42+dfsg-2ubuntu3.1 amd64 OpenLDAP libraries ii liblocale-gettext-perl 1.07-1build1 amd64 module using libc functions for internationalization in Perl ii liblockfile-bin 1.09-6ubuntu1 amd64 support binaries for and cli utilities based on liblockfile ii liblockfile1:amd64 1.09-6ubuntu1 amd64 NFS-safe locking library ii liblua5.1-0:amd64 5.1.5-8ubuntu1 amd64 Shared library for the Lua interpreter version 5.1 ii liblvm2app2.2:amd64 2.02.133-1ubuntu10 amd64 LVM2 application library ii liblvm2cmd2.02:amd64 2.02.133-1ubuntu10 amd64 LVM2 command library ii liblwp-mediatypes-perl 6.02-1 all module to guess media type for a file or a URL ii liblwres141:amd64 1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1 amd64 Lightweight Resolver Library used by BIND ii liblz4-1:amd64 0.0~r131-2ubuntu2 amd64 Fast LZ compression algorithm library - runtime ii liblzma5:amd64 5.1.1alpha+20120614-2ubuntu2 amd64 XZ-format compression library ii libmagic1:amd64 1:5.25-2ubuntu1 amd64 File type determination library using "magic" numbers ii libmnl0:amd64 1.0.3-5 amd64 minimalistic Netlink communication library ii libmount1:amd64 2.27.1-6ubuntu3.1 amd64 device mounting library ii libmpdec2:amd64 2.4.2-1 amd64 library for decimal floating point arithmetic (runtime library) ii libmspack0:amd64 0.5-1 amd64 library for Microsoft compression formats (shared library) ii libncurses5:amd64 6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1 amd64 shared libraries for terminal handling ii libncursesw5:amd64 6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1 amd64 shared libraries for terminal handling (wide character support) ii libnettle6:amd64 3.2-1 amd64 low level cryptographic library (symmetric and one-way cryptos) ii libnewt0.52:amd64 0.52.18-1ubuntu2 amd64 Not Erik's Windowing Toolkit - text mode windowing with slang ii libnih1:amd64 1.0.3-4.3ubuntu1 amd64 NIH Utility Library ii libnl-3-200:amd64 3.2.27-1 amd64 library for dealing with netlink sockets ii libnl-genl-3-200:amd64 3.2.27-1 amd64 library for dealing with netlink sockets - generic netlink ii libnpth0:amd64 1.2-3 amd64 replacement for GNU Pth using system threads ii libp11-kit0:amd64 0.23.2-3 amd64 Library for loading and coordinating access to PKCS#11 modules - runtime ii libpam-modules:amd64 1.1.8-3.2ubuntu2 amd64 Pluggable Authentication Modules for PAM ii libpam-modules-bin 1.1.8-3.2ubuntu2 amd64 Pluggable Authentication Modules for PAM - helper binaries ii libpam-runtime 1.1.8-3.2ubuntu2 all Runtime support for the PAM library ii libpam0g:amd64 1.1.8-3.2ubuntu2 amd64 Pluggable Authentication Modules library ii libparted2:amd64 3.2-15 amd64 disk partition manipulator - shared library ii libpci3:amd64 1:3.3.1-1.1ubuntu1 amd64 Linux PCI Utilities (shared library) ii libpcre3:amd64 2:8.38-3.1 amd64 Perl 5 Compatible Regular Expression Library - runtime files ii libperl5.22:amd64 5.22.1-9 amd64 shared Perl library ii libpng12-0:amd64 1.2.54-1ubuntu1 amd64 PNG library - runtime ii libpolkit-gobject-1-0:amd64 0.105-14.1 amd64 PolicyKit Authorization API ii libpopt0:amd64 1.16-10 amd64 lib for parsing cmdline parameters ii libprocps4:amd64 2:3.3.10-4ubuntu2 amd64 library for accessing process information from /proc ii libpython-stdlib:amd64 2.7.11-1 amd64 interactive high-level object-oriented language (default python version) ii libpython2.7-minimal:amd64 2.7.12-1~16.04 amd64 Minimal subset of the Python language (version 2.7) ii libpython2.7-stdlib:amd64 2.7.12-1~16.04 amd64 Interactive high-level object-oriented language (standard library, version 2.7) ii libpython3-stdlib:amd64 3.5.1-3 amd64 interactive high-level object-oriented language (default python3 version) ii libpython3.5-minimal:amd64 3.5.2-2~16.01 amd64 Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.5) ii libpython3.5-stdlib:amd64 3.5.2-2~16.01 amd64 Interactive high-level object-oriented language (standard library, version 3.5) ii libreadline5:amd64 5.2+dfsg-3build1 amd64 GNU readline and history libraries, run-time libraries ii libreadline6:amd64 6.3-8ubuntu2 amd64 GNU readline and history libraries, run-time libraries ii libroken18-heimdal:amd64 1.7~git20150920+dfsg-4ubuntu1 amd64 Heimdal Kerberos - roken support library ii libsasl2-2:amd64 2.1.26.dfsg1-14build1 amd64 Cyrus SASL - authentication abstraction library ii libsasl2-modules:amd64 2.1.26.dfsg1-14build1 amd64 Cyrus SASL - pluggable authentication modules ii libsasl2-modules-db:amd64 2.1.26.dfsg1-14build1 amd64 Cyrus SASL - pluggable authentication modules (DB) ii libseccomp2:amd64 2.2.3-3ubuntu3 amd64 high level interface to Linux seccomp filter ii libselinux1:amd64 2.4-3build2 amd64 SELinux runtime shared libraries ii libsemanage-common 2.3-1build3 all Common files for SELinux policy management libraries ii libsemanage1:amd64 2.3-1build3 amd64 SELinux policy management library ii libsepol1:amd64 2.4-2 amd64 SELinux library for manipulating binary security policies ii libslang2:amd64 2.3.0-2ubuntu1 amd64 S-Lang programming library - runtime version ii libsmartcols1:amd64 2.27.1-6ubuntu3.1 amd64 smart column output alignment library ii libsqlite3-0:amd64 3.11.0-1ubuntu1 amd64 SQLite 3 shared library ii libss2:amd64 1.42.13-1ubuntu1 amd64 command-line interface parsing library ii libssl1.0.0:amd64 1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.2 amd64 Secure Sockets Layer toolkit - shared libraries ii libstdc++6:amd64 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.2 amd64 GNU Standard C++ Library v3 ii libsystemd0:amd64 229-4ubuntu7 amd64 systemd utility library ii libtasn1-6:amd64 4.7-3ubuntu0.16.04.1 amd64 Manage ASN.1 structures (runtime) ii libtext-charwidth-perl 0.04-7build5 amd64 get display widths of characters on the terminal ii libtext-iconv-perl 1.7-5build4 amd64 converts between character sets in Perl ii libtext-wrapi18n-perl 0.06-7.1 all internationalized substitute of Text::Wrap ii libtimedate-perl 2.3000-2 all collection of modules to manipulate date/time information ii libtinfo5:amd64 6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1 amd64 shared low-level terminfo library for terminal handling ii libtokyocabinet9:amd64 1.4.48-10 amd64 Tokyo Cabinet Database Libraries [runtime] ii libudev1:amd64 229-4ubuntu7 amd64 libudev shared library ii liburi-perl 1.71-1 all module to manipulate and access URI strings ii libusb-0.1-4:amd64 2:0.1.12-28 amd64 userspace USB programming library ii libusb-1.0-0:amd64 2:1.0.20-1 amd64 userspace USB programming library ii libustr-1.0-1:amd64 1.0.4-5 amd64 Micro string library: shared library ii libuuid1:amd64 2.27.1-6ubuntu3.1 amd64 Universally Unique ID library ii libwind0-heimdal:amd64 1.7~git20150920+dfsg-4ubuntu1 amd64 Heimdal Kerberos - stringprep implementation ii libwrap0:amd64 7.6.q-25 amd64 Wietse Venema's TCP wrappers library ii libx11-6:amd64 2:1.6.3-1ubuntu2 amd64 X11 client-side library ii libx11-data 2:1.6.3-1ubuntu2 all X11 client-side library ii libxau6:amd64 1:1.0.8-1 amd64 X11 authorisation library ii libxcb1:amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 amd64 X C Binding ii libxdmcp6:amd64 1:1.1.2-1.1 amd64 X11 Display Manager Control Protocol library ii libxext6:amd64 2:1.3.3-1 amd64 X11 miscellaneous extension library ii libxml2:amd64 2.9.3+dfsg1-1ubuntu0.1 amd64 GNOME XML library ii libxmuu1:amd64 2:1.1.2-2 amd64 X11 miscellaneous micro-utility library ii libxtables11:amd64 1.6.0-2ubuntu3 amd64 netfilter xtables library ii linux-base 4.0ubuntu1 all Linux image base package ii linux-firmware 1.157.3 all Firmware for Linux kernel drivers ii linux-generic 4.4.0.21.22 amd64 Complete Generic Linux kernel and headers ii linux-headers-4.4.0-21 4.4.0-21.37 all Header files related to Linux kernel version 4.4.0 ii linux-headers-4.4.0-21-generic 4.4.0-21.37 amd64 Linux kernel headers for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-headers-generic 4.4.0.21.22 amd64 Generic Linux kernel headers ii linux-image-4.4.0-21-generic 4.4.0-21.37 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-extra-4.4.0-21-generic 4.4.0-21.37 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-generic 4.4.0.21.22 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image ii locales 2.23-0ubuntu3 all GNU C Library: National Language (locale) data [support] ii login 1:4.2-3.1ubuntu5 amd64 system login tools ii logrotate 3.8.7-2ubuntu2 amd64 Log rotation utility ii lsb-base 9.20160110ubuntu0.2 all Linux Standard Base init script functionality ii lsb-release 9.20160110ubuntu0.2 all Linux Standard Base version reporting utility ii lvm2 2.02.133-1ubuntu10 amd64 Linux Logical Volume Manager ii makedev 2.3.1-93ubuntu1 all creates device files in /dev ii mawk 1.3.3-17ubuntu2 amd64 a pattern scanning and text processing language ii mime-support 3.59ubuntu1 all MIME files 'mime.types' & 'mailcap', and support programs ii mount 2.27.1-6ubuntu3.1 amd64 tools for mounting and manipulating filesystems ii multiarch-support 2.23-0ubuntu3 amd64 Transitional package to ensure multiarch compatibility ii mutt 1.5.24-1build1 amd64 text-based mailreader supporting MIME, GPG, PGP and threading ii mysql-client-5.7 5.7.13-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 amd64 MySQL database client binaries ii mysql-client-core-5.7 5.7.13-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 amd64 MySQL database core client binaries ii mysql-common 5.7.13-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 all MySQL database common files, e.g. /etc/mysql/my.cnf ii mysql-server 5.7.13-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 all MySQL database server (metapackage depending on the latest version) ii mysql-server-5.7 5.7.13-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 amd64 MySQL database server binaries and system database setup ii mysql-server-core-5.7 5.7.13-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 amd64 MySQL database server binaries ii ncurses-base 6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1 all basic terminal type definitions ii ncurses-bin 6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1 amd64 terminal-related programs and man pages ii ncurses-term 6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1 all additional terminal type definitions ii net-tools 1.60-26ubuntu1 amd64 NET-3 networking toolkit ii netbase 5.3 all Basic TCP/IP networking system ii netcat-openbsd 1.105-7ubuntu1 amd64 TCP/IP swiss army knife ii ntpdate 1:4.2.8p4+dfsg-3ubuntu5.1 amd64 client for setting system time from NTP servers ii open-vm-tools 2:10.0.7-3227872-2ubuntu1 amd64 Open VMware Tools for virtual machines hosted on VMware (CLI) ii openssh-client 1:7.2p2-4ubuntu2.1 amd64 secure shell (SSH) client, for secure access to remote machines ii openssh-server 1:7.2p2-4ubuntu2.1 amd64 secure shell (SSH) server, for secure access from remote machines ii openssh-sftp-server 1:7.2p2-4ubuntu2.1 amd64 secure shell (SSH) sftp server module, for SFTP access from remote machines ii openssl 1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.2 amd64 Secure Sockets Layer toolkit - cryptographic utility ii os-prober 1.70ubuntu3 amd64 utility to detect other OSes on a set of drives ii parted 3.2-15 amd64 disk partition manipulator ii passwd 1:4.2-3.1ubuntu5 amd64 change and administer password and group data ii pciutils 1:3.3.1-1.1ubuntu1 amd64 Linux PCI Utilities ii perl 5.22.1-9 amd64 Larry Wall's Practical Extraction and Report Language ii perl-base 5.22.1-9 amd64 minimal Perl system ii perl-modules-5.22 5.22.1-9 all Core Perl modules ii php-common 1:35ubuntu6 all Common files for PHP packages ii php-mysql 1:7.0+35ubuntu6 all MySQL module for PHP [default] ii php7.0-cli 7.0.8-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 amd64 command-line interpreter for the PHP scripting language ii php7.0-common 7.0.8-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 amd64 documentation, examples and common module for PHP ii php7.0-json 7.0.8-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 amd64 JSON module for PHP ii php7.0-mysql 7.0.8-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 amd64 MySQL module for PHP ii php7.0-opcache 7.0.8-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 amd64 Zend OpCache module for PHP ii php7.0-readline 7.0.8-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 amd64 readline module for PHP ii pinentry-curses 0.9.7-3 amd64 curses-based PIN or pass-phrase entry dialog for GnuPG ii postfix 3.1.0-3 amd64 High-performance mail transport agent ii procmail 3.22-25 amd64 Versatile e-mail processor ii procps 2:3.3.10-4ubuntu2 amd64 /proc file system utilities ii psmisc 22.21-2.1build1 amd64 utilities that use the proc file system ii python 2.7.11-1 amd64 interactive high-level object-oriented language (default version) ii python-apt-common 1.1.0~beta1build1 all Python interface to libapt-pkg (locales) ii python-minimal 2.7.11-1 amd64 minimal subset of the Python language (default version) ii python2.7 2.7.12-1~16.04 amd64 Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 2.7) ii python2.7-minimal 2.7.12-1~16.04 amd64 Minimal subset of the Python language (version 2.7) ii python3 3.5.1-3 amd64 interactive high-level object-oriented language (default python3 version) ii python3-apt 1.1.0~beta1build1 amd64 Python 3 interface to libapt-pkg ii python3-chardet 2.3.0-2 all universal character encoding detector for Python3 ii python3-dbus 1.2.0-3 amd64 simple interprocess messaging system (Python 3 interface) ii python3-gi 3.20.0-0ubuntu1 amd64 Python 3 bindings for gobject-introspection libraries ii python3-minimal 3.5.1-3 amd64 minimal subset of the Python language (default python3 version) ii python3-pkg-resources 20.7.0-1 all Package Discovery and Resource Access using pkg_resources ii python3-requests 2.9.1-3 all elegant and simple HTTP library for Python3, built for human beings ii python3-six 1.10.0-3 all Python 2 and 3 compatibility library (Python 3 interface) ii python3-urllib3 1.13.1-2ubuntu0.16.04.1 all HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling for Python3 ii python3.5 3.5.2-2~16.01 amd64 Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 3.5) ii python3.5-minimal 3.5.2-2~16.01 amd64 Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.5) ii readline-common 6.3-8ubuntu2 all GNU readline and history libraries, common files ii rename 0.20-4 all Perl extension for renaming multiple files ii resolvconf 1.78ubuntu2 all name server information handler ii rsyslog 8.16.0-1ubuntu3 amd64 reliable system and kernel logging daemon ii sed 4.2.2-7 amd64 The GNU sed stream editor ii sensible-utils 0.0.9 all Utilities for sensible alternative selection ii sgml-base 1.26+nmu4ubuntu1 all SGML infrastructure and SGML catalog file support ii shared-mime-info 1.5-2ubuntu0.1 amd64 FreeDesktop.org shared MIME database and spec ii ssh-import-id 5.5-0ubuntu1 all securely retrieve an SSH public key and install it locally ii ssl-cert 1.0.37 all simple debconf wrapper for OpenSSL ii sudo 1.8.16-0ubuntu1.2 amd64 Provide limited super user privileges to specific users ii systemd 229-4ubuntu7 amd64 system and service manager ii systemd-sysv 229-4ubuntu7 amd64 system and service manager - SysV links ii sysv-rc 2.88dsf-59.3ubuntu2 all System-V-like runlevel change mechanism ii sysvinit-utils 2.88dsf-59.3ubuntu2 amd64 System-V-like utilities ii tar 1.28-2.1 amd64 GNU version of the tar archiving utility ii tasksel 3.34ubuntu3 all tool for selecting tasks for installation on Debian systems ii tasksel-data 3.34ubuntu3 all official tasks used for installation of Debian systems ii tcpd 7.6.q-25 amd64 Wietse Venema's TCP wrapper utilities ii tzdata 2016f-0ubuntu0.16.04 all time zone and daylight-saving time data ii ubuntu-keyring 2012.05.19 all GnuPG keys of the Ubuntu archive ii ubuntu-minimal 1.361 amd64 Minimal core of Ubuntu ii ucf 3.0036 all Update Configuration File(s): preserve user changes to config files ii udev 229-4ubuntu7 amd64 /dev/ and hotplug management daemon ii ureadahead 0.100.0-19 amd64 Read required files in advance ii usbutils 1:007-4 amd64 Linux USB utilities ii util-linux 2.27.1-6ubuntu3.1 amd64 miscellaneous system utilities ii vim-common 2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.1 amd64 Vi IMproved - Common files ii vim-tiny 2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.1 amd64 Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor - compact version ii wamerican 7.1-1 all American English dictionary words for /usr/share/dict ii wbritish 7.1-1 all British English dictionary words for /usr/share/dict ii wget 1.17.1-1ubuntu1.1 amd64 retrieves files from the web ii whiptail 0.52.18-1ubuntu2 amd64 Displays user-friendly dialog boxes from shell scripts ii wireless-regdb 2015.07.20-1ubuntu1 all wireless regulatory database ii wspanish 1.0.27 all Spanish dictionary words for /usr/share/dict ii xauth 1:1.0.9-1ubuntu2 amd64 X authentication utility ii xdg-user-dirs 0.15-2ubuntu6 amd64 tool to manage well known user directories ii xkb-data 2.16-1ubuntu1 all X Keyboard Extension (XKB) configuration data ii xml-core 0.13+nmu2 all XML infrastructure and XML catalog file support ii zerofree 1.0.3-1 amd64 zero free blocks from ext2, ext3 and ext4 file-systems ii zlib1g:amd64 1:1.2.8.dfsg-2ubuntu4 amd64 compression library - runtime |
Dies ist der Stand der Softwarepakete zum 02.09.2016.
Nun wollen wir unsere Paketquellen aktualisieren unsere installierten Softwarepakete, wenn nötig, updaten und ein paar zusätzliche Pakete installieren. Die Aktualisierung der Paketequellen erfolgt mit dem folgenden Befehl:
apt-get update
Der folgende Befehl aktualisiert die installierten Softwarepakete.
apt-get upgrade
In unserem Falle bekommen wir die folgende Ausgabe:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done The following packages have been kept back: linux-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded. |
Offensichtlich liegt ein neuer Linux-Kernel vor. Nähere Informationen zur installierten und verfügbaren Version gibt das folgende Kommando:
apt-cache policy linux-generic
Wir erhalten die folgende Ausgabe:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | linux-generic: Installed: 4.4.0.21.22 Candidate: 4.4.0.36.38 Version table: 4.4.0.36.38 500 500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages 500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 Packages *** 4.4.0.21.22 500 500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status |
Tatsächlich liegt ein Sicherheitsupdate des Kernels vor. Dieses können wir dann mit diesem Befehl installieren:
apt-get dist-upgrade
Die Ausgabe der Aktualisierung sieht man hier:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 | Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: linux-headers-4.4.0-36 linux-headers-4.4.0-36-generic linux-image-4.4.0-36-generic linux-image-extra-4.4.0-36-generic The following packages will be upgraded: linux-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic 3 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 68.5 MB of archives. After this operation, 296 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 linux-image-4.4.0-36-generic amd64 4.4.0-36.55 [18.8 MB] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 linux-image-extra-4.4.0-36-generic amd64 4.4.0-36.55 [39.0 MB] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 linux-generic amd64 4.4.0.36.38 [1,790 B] Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 linux-image-generic amd64 4.4.0.36.38 [2,364 B] Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 linux-headers-4.4.0-36 all 4.4.0-36.55 [9,935 kB] Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 linux-headers-4.4.0-36-generic amd64 4.4.0-36.55 [779 kB] Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 linux-headers-generic amd64 4.4.0.36.38 [2,330 B] Fetched 68.5 MB in 7s (9,392 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-4.4.0-36-generic. (Reading database ... 60248 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../linux-image-4.4.0-36-generic_4.4.0-36.55_amd64.deb ... Done. Unpacking linux-image-4.4.0-36-generic (4.4.0-36.55) ... Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-extra-4.4.0-36-generic. Preparing to unpack .../linux-image-extra-4.4.0-36-generic_4.4.0-36.55_amd64.deb ... Unpacking linux-image-extra-4.4.0-36-generic (4.4.0-36.55) ... Preparing to unpack .../linux-generic_4.4.0.36.38_amd64.deb ... Unpacking linux-generic (4.4.0.36.38) over (4.4.0.21.22) ... Preparing to unpack .../linux-image-generic_4.4.0.36.38_amd64.deb ... Unpacking linux-image-generic (4.4.0.36.38) over (4.4.0.21.22) ... Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.4.0-36. Preparing to unpack .../linux-headers-4.4.0-36_4.4.0-36.55_all.deb ... Unpacking linux-headers-4.4.0-36 (4.4.0-36.55) ... Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.4.0-36-generic. Preparing to unpack .../linux-headers-4.4.0-36-generic_4.4.0-36.55_amd64.deb ... Unpacking linux-headers-4.4.0-36-generic (4.4.0-36.55) ... Preparing to unpack .../linux-headers-generic_4.4.0.36.38_amd64.deb ... Unpacking linux-headers-generic (4.4.0.36.38) over (4.4.0.21.22) ... Setting up linux-image-4.4.0-36-generic (4.4.0-36.55) ... Running depmod. update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later) Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.4.0-36-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-36-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.4.0-36-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-36-generic update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-36-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 4.4.0-36-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-36-generic Generating grub configuration file ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-36-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-36-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-21-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-21-generic done Setting up linux-image-extra-4.4.0-36-generic (4.4.0-36.55) ... run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.4.0-36-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-36-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.4.0-36-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-36-generic update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-36-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 4.4.0-36-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-36-generic Generating grub configuration file ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-36-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-36-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-21-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-21-generic done Setting up linux-image-generic (4.4.0.36.38) ... Setting up linux-headers-4.4.0-36 (4.4.0-36.55) ... Setting up linux-headers-4.4.0-36-generic (4.4.0-36.55) ... Setting up linux-headers-generic (4.4.0.36.38) ... Setting up linux-generic (4.4.0.36.38) ... |
Nach dem Update des Kernels sollten wir unseren Server rebooten.
reboot
Abschliessend wollen wir noch einige Softwarepakete installieren, die später noch nützlich sein werden:
apt-get install apt-show-source apt-show-versions dnsutils git
Die Installation zeigt die folgende Ausgabe:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 | Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: bind9-host git-man libapt-pkg-perl libcurl3-gnutls liberror-perl librtmp1 patch rsync Suggested packages: rblcheck git-daemon-run | git-daemon-sysvinit git-doc git-el git-email git-gui gitk gitweb git-arch git-cvs git-mediawiki git-svn ed diffutils-doc The following NEW packages will be installed: apt-show-source apt-show-versions bind9-host dnsutils git git-man libapt-pkg-perl libcurl3-gnutls liberror-perl librtmp1 patch rsync 0 upgraded, 12 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 4,650 kB of archives. After this operation, 28.1 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 bind9-host amd64 1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1 [38.4 kB] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 dnsutils amd64 1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1 [89.1 kB] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 librtmp1 amd64 2.4+20151223.gitfa8646d-1build1 [53.9 kB] Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libcurl3-gnutls amd64 7.47.0-1ubuntu2.1 [183 kB] Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 rsync amd64 3.1.1-3ubuntu1 [325 kB] Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 apt-show-source all 0.10+nmu4 [14.6 kB] Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libapt-pkg-perl amd64 0.1.29build7 [65.3 kB] Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 apt-show-versions all 0.22.7 [29.6 kB] Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 liberror-perl all 0.17-1.2 [19.6 kB] Get:10 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 git-man all 1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1 [735 kB] Get:11 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 git amd64 1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1 [3,006 kB] Get:12 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 patch amd64 2.7.5-1 [90.4 kB] Fetched 4,650 kB in 1s (4,134 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package bind9-host. (Reading database ... 92469 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../bind9-host_1%3a9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking bind9-host (1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1) ... Selecting previously unselected package dnsutils. Preparing to unpack .../dnsutils_1%3a9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking dnsutils (1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1) ... Selecting previously unselected package librtmp1:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../librtmp1_2.4+20151223.gitfa8646d-1build1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking librtmp1:amd64 (2.4+20151223.gitfa8646d-1build1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libcurl3-gnutls:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../libcurl3-gnutls_7.47.0-1ubuntu2.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libcurl3-gnutls:amd64 (7.47.0-1ubuntu2.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package rsync. Preparing to unpack .../rsync_3.1.1-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking rsync (3.1.1-3ubuntu1) ... Selecting previously unselected package apt-show-source. Preparing to unpack .../apt-show-source_0.10+nmu4_all.deb ... Unpacking apt-show-source (0.10+nmu4) ... Selecting previously unselected package libapt-pkg-perl. Preparing to unpack .../libapt-pkg-perl_0.1.29build7_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libapt-pkg-perl (0.1.29build7) ... Selecting previously unselected package apt-show-versions. Preparing to unpack .../apt-show-versions_0.22.7_all.deb ... Unpacking apt-show-versions (0.22.7) ... Selecting previously unselected package liberror-perl. Preparing to unpack .../liberror-perl_0.17-1.2_all.deb ... Unpacking liberror-perl (0.17-1.2) ... Selecting previously unselected package git-man. Preparing to unpack .../git-man_1%3a2.7.4-0ubuntu1_all.deb ... Unpacking git-man (1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1) ... Selecting previously unselected package git. Preparing to unpack .../git_1%3a2.7.4-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking git (1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1) ... Selecting previously unselected package patch. Preparing to unpack .../patch_2.7.5-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking patch (2.7.5-1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu3) ... Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu7) ... Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ... Setting up bind9-host (1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1) ... Setting up dnsutils (1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1) ... Setting up librtmp1:amd64 (2.4+20151223.gitfa8646d-1build1) ... Setting up libcurl3-gnutls:amd64 (7.47.0-1ubuntu2.1) ... Setting up rsync (3.1.1-3ubuntu1) ... Setting up apt-show-source (0.10+nmu4) ... Setting up libapt-pkg-perl (0.1.29build7) ... Setting up apt-show-versions (0.22.7) ... ** initializing cache. This may take a while ** Setting up liberror-perl (0.17-1.2) ... Setting up git-man (1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1) ... Setting up git (1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1) ... Setting up patch (2.7.5-1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu3) ... Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu7) ... Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ... |
Somit haben wir eine Server Grundkonfiguration die wir nach unseren Wünschen anpassen werden.
Der 3. Teil der Artikelserie wird sich mit Netzwerkeinstellungen, Firewall und Backup beschäftigen.